by Olivia White, Associate Director at Cavendish Consulting
The COP28 summit in Dubai recently unfolded, showcasing a contrast between the global consensus to “phase out” fossil fuels and the intricate challenges in steering nations towards a climate-friendly future.
Amidst the discussions on energy generation, the spotlight turned to the imperative to expedite the adoption of low and zero-emission technologies. For the first time nuclear energy was clearly delineated in the Global Stocktake, recognising the need to “accelerate” nuclear energy alongside other technology that assists with greenhouse gas emission reduction. Earlier at the summit, a declaration to triple nuclear power capacity by 2050 was endorsed by 24 nations, including the UK, , marking the first time that governments have joined together at COP to endorse nuclear power.
This international discourse intersects with the recent research commissioned by Cavendish Consulting. The research, in collaboration with the Nuclear Industry Association and conducted by YouGov, surveyed UK MPs to help understand their views on new nuclear technologies.
The UK government aims to generate 24 gigawatts of nuclear energy by 2050, nearly double the highest historical capacity. Given the impending decommissioning of much of the existing nuclear fleet in the coming decade, realising such aspirations needs substantial political backing at both national and local levels.
Our research unveiled that over two-thirds (68%) of UK MPs endorse advanced nuclear technology, with 88% of Conservative MPs and 54% of Labour MPs in favour. Additionally, Conservative MPs exhibit stronger support for increasing governmental backing for nuclear energy, as revealed in separate research on MPs’ views on net zero.
A crucial facet of this support revolves around advancements in small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced modular reactors (AMRs), which are considered quicker and more cost-effective with minimal community impact. The Conservative Government has manifested this support through policies like the progression of Sizewell C and the establishment of Great British Nuclear, coupled with funding initiatives such as the Future Nuclear Enabling Fund. Meanwhile, Labour expresses support for nuclear through Great British Energy. Yet, the research indicates the sector needs to articulate the benefits of advanced nuclear technologies more effectively.
Interestingly, the research shows Scottish MPs are the strongest opponents of new nuclear technology, aligning with the Scottish Government’s stance against building new nuclear stations using current technologies. Despite regional disparities, there is a growing recognition among both Conservative and Labour MPs of the potential economic and environmental benefits associated with nuclear energy.
While nuclear is the only large-scale energy-producing technology that fully addresses its waste, safety, and environmental impact from the outset, concerns persist. Our research identifies the waste legacy as a primary concern for 62% of Labour MPs, followed by safety concerns (55%). Conversely, 47% of Conservative MPs express apprehension about the time required for planning permission, highlighting regulatory complexities.
Notably, less than 10% of MPs are concerned about the novelty of new nuclear technology, indicating confidence in the regulatory system. In fact, as part of the nuclear declaration at COP28, the 24 nations also committed to supporting the development and construction of nuclear reactors, such as small modular and other advanced reactors for power generation, as well as wider industrial applications for decarbonisation.
Despite some concerns, MPs recognise the socio-economic benefits, with 60% citing jobs and skills as the most significant benefit to their constituencies. This underscores the potential for nuclear projects to contribute positively to local communities.
However, the time-consuming consenting process for new nuclear projects, especially concerning Conservative MPs, poses a potential obstacle. Despite ongoing reforms, the updated policy statement for nuclear is expected in 2025, creating uncertainty for new projects. Engaging early and regularly with policymakers becomes essential to address challenges and emphasise the benefits of advanced nuclear technologies for maintaining momentum and political support.
As the UK strives for ambitious nuclear energy targets, addressing concerns, emphasising socio-economic benefits, and navigating regulatory challenges become imperative. Nuclear provides a low carbon, reliable source of energy which can work alongside other renewables. The sector has the potential to contribute significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, alongside energy security, whilst bringing high quality jobs and skills to the UK and local supply chains.
As the urgency of climate change intensifies, the nuclear sector stands poised to play a pivotal role.
The full research report is available here: cavendishconsulting.com/insights/how-political-is-nuclear/
